Get To Know More About The Factors That Cause Symptoms of Tuberculosis
Get To Know More About The Factors That Cause Symptoms of Tuberculosis – Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects the lungs. The condition known as pulmonary TB needs to be treated quickly so that it does not lead to serious consequences.
Get To Know More About The Factors That Cause Symptoms of Tuberculosis
roskapital – Because, the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis can attack other organs of the body, such as the kidneys, lymph nodes, meninges, bones, and joints. If tuberculosis has spread to other parts of the body, it is called extrapulmonary TB.
The increase in tuberculosis infections has occurred since 1985, triggered by the presence of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The HIV virus weakens the immune system, making it difficult for sufferers to fight TB germ infections.
The bacteria that cause TB can be transmitted from one individual to another through droplets released into the air when someone coughs or sneezes.
In Indonesia, the number of TB cases is quite high. In 2020, the Ministry of Health recorded 351,936 cases of tuberculosis, with most of the sufferers being in the productive age range.
Come on, MIKA Friends, let’s try to understand more about tuberculosis (TB), starting from its symptoms, causes, how it is transmitted, to how to prevent it!
Types of tuberculosis.
There are two types of TB infections based on their severity. Here are some of them.
Not yet finalized.
TB can occur when the sufferer has germs in the body, but the immune system manages to prevent it from spreading. The sufferer also does not show any symptoms and cannot transmit the virus to others.
Even so, the infection is still there and may one day become active. If MIKA Friends are at high risk, the doctor will prescribe medication as a preventive measure against active TB. There are several risk factors that can trigger latent TB to become active, for example if someone has HIV, has been infected in the last 2 years, chest X-ray results show abnormalities, or the immune system suddenly weakens.
TB is active.
When TB germs multiply in the body of someone who already has the disease, symptoms and suffering begin to appear. You can even transmit this disease to others.
Latent TB infection is the main cause of 90% of active cases in adults. Latent or active TB infection may be resistant to treatment. The drug is not able to overcome the bacteria effectively, yes.
Also read: Interesting facts about Lung Cancer regarding its causes, symptoms, and treatment.
Signs of Tuberculosis
The cause of the tuberculosis virus has special properties and its development is slow compared to other diseases.
In the latent type of tuberculosis, most people do not feel any symptoms at all. Active TB usually causes many symptoms, you know. Usually TB symptoms are related to the respiratory system which may affect other parts of the body, depending on the location of the TB bacteria growth.
Common symptoms that appear due to TB in the lungs include:
Cough that has lasted for more than 3 weeks.
Coughing up blood or phlegm (phlegm) is a health concern.
Discomfort in the chest.
Quickly feeling tired and lacking energy.
Feeling unwell.
The weather varies between hot and cold.
Tonight, my sweat is flowing gently.
Loss of appetite.
Weight loss.
If TB has spread to other organs of the body, it can cause:
Blood in the urine.
If TB affects the kidneys, it can cause loss of kidney function.
If TB infects the spine, it can cause pain and stiffness in the back, muscle spasms, and irregularities in the spine.
Nausea and vomiting
Complexity.
If TB spreads to the brain, a person can lose consciousness.
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What are the factors that cause tuberculosis?
The main cause of tuberculosis is a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, there are several risk factors that can increase your chances of being infected by the bacteria that cause TB, such as:
Having diabetes.
Having end-stage kidney disease.
Having cancer
Malnutrition.
Smoking.
Drinking alcohol for a long time.
Having HIV or a serious illness that compromises the immune system.
Drugs that reduce the activity of the immune system can also increase a person’s risk of developing active TB disease, including drugs needed to prevent rejection of transplanted organs.
Travel to areas with high TB rates.
How is TB spread?
TB bacteria are spread through droplets that are inhaled into the air. Once these droplets are released, anyone nearby can inhale them. A person with TB can spread the bacteria
The steps for transmitting tuberculosis are as follows:
Primary infection occurs when bacteria enter the body through the nose and mouth when we inhale air containing bacteria that cause tuberculosis. The bacteria can spread to the lungs and then begin to multiply.
Latent infection occurs when the immune system inhibits bacterial growth by forming a defense. When the immune system is functioning well, bacteria can be fought to prevent the infection from getting worse.
When the immune system weakens, TB bacterial infection can develop more actively. Then, bacteria will be able to reproduce more freely and attack healthy cells in the lungs.
After being infected, MIKA Friends need to undergo treatment by routinely taking TB medication for 6 to 12 months. TB treatment aims to reduce bacteria slowly in order to reduce the risk of transmission.
Therapy for Tuberculosis.
The following are some types of drugs that are often used in the treatment of TB:
Isoniazid is a medication that is used to treat tuberculosis.
Rifampin
Ethambutol, an antibiotic, is utilized in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Pyrazinamide would be the term at hand.
Rifapentine is the word we’re looking for.
Please note that this TB drug is different from commonly used antibiotics. There are special provisions that apply to patients in taking this drug.
According to information from the Ministry of Health, it is advisable to take this TB drug every day at a consistent time.
At other times, it is better to take isoniazid and rifampin when the stomach is still empty or before eating.
Meanwhile, for those who experience TB drug resistance, it is recommended to undergo treatment with second-line drugs. Among the second-line drugs are the following:
- Levofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin.
- Gatifloxacin.
- Amikacin is the medication to be used.
- Apreomycin is the term we’re looking for.
- Kanamycin
- Streptomycin is known for its therapeutic effects.
- Ethionamide or prothionamide.
- Cycloserine or terizidone.
- Linezolid is commonly used for the treatment of certain types of bacterial infections.
- Clofazimine
- Bedaquiline.
- Delamanid
- P-aminosalicylic acid is its name.
- Imipenem-cilastatin
- Meropenem
- Amoxicillin and clavulanate blend
- Thioacetazone, dear.
- Prevent Tuberculosis Naturally
- In fact, TB bacteria are present in 10% of the Indonesian population. However, whether the infection is latent or active will be
- influenced by the health condition of the affected individual. If their immune system is strong, the disease can be cured before symptoms appear.
Therefore, the main steps to prevent tuberculosis (TB) are as follows:
Eat regularly.
Check good sleeping habits.
Stop smoking.
If you have been infected, in addition to taking medication, it is advisable to live a healthy lifestyle as mentioned earlier to prevent transmission of the disease to others.
If you have children, it is very important not to forget to give the BCG or Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. This vaccine is not only for babies and children, but is also suitable for adults aged 16–35 years, especially those who have a high risk of contracting TB in the workplace.
Don’t forget to have regular health checks to find diseases such as TB.