Common Infectious Diseases In Indonesia
Common Infectious Diseases In Indonesia – Infectious diseases can strike anytime and anywhere. It is very easy to get infected, so you have to be more careful not to get infected. In addition, this disease can spread through various routes of infection, from food to animal bites.
Common Infectious Diseases In Indonesia
roskapital – Infectious diseases are usually caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. There are two ways infectious diseases spread: direct infection and indirect infection. 9 common infectious diseases in Indonesia – Alodokter
Direct transmission occurs through physical contact with a sick person, such as touch or bodily fluids such as urine or blood. Conversely, indirect infection can occur if you touch your face after touching an object that has the potential to be contaminated, such as a doorknob or faucet.
In addition, infectious diseases can be transmitted through animal bites, physical contact with animal bodily fluids, and even food or drinks contaminated with pathogens.
Common infectious diseases in Indonesia
Infectious diseases generally have a higher risk of infection in people with weak immune systems. Transmission of this disease can also increase at certain times of the year, such as during the rainy season and floods. Below are various types of infections along with their symptoms and signs.
1. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)
Respiratory tract infections can attack the nose, throat, respiratory tract, and lungs. ARI is usually characterized by symptoms such as fever, sore throat, pain when swallowing, dry cough, phlegm production, and runny nose.
ARI is not only caused by viruses but also by bacteria. ARI caused by viral infections usually improves within 3 to 14 days. If the cause is bacteria, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics for treatment.
Prevention of acute respiratory infections can be done in various ways, including: B. Eat a balanced and nutritious diet, wash your hands regularly, and get a flu vaccination. In addition, pay attention to coughing and sneezing etiquette, and wear a mask to avoid transmitting viruses and bacteria to others.
2. Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that is transmitted through food or drink contaminated with Salmonella bacteria. This disease is characterized by various symptoms ranging from high fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In some cases, it can also cause a skin rash.
Symptoms of typhoid fever appear 7 to 14 days after being infected with Salmonella typhi. Although this disease is common, typhoid fever can cause severe, life-threatening complications and must be treated properly.
Therefore, consult a doctor if you experience symptoms of typhoid fever. The treatment commonly used by doctors to treat this disease is antibiotics and antipyretics. Even if the symptoms of typhoid fever subside, it is important to continue taking antibiotics as recommended by your doctor.
To prevent the spread of this disease, it is advisable to wash your hands frequently after using the toilet and while eating. In addition, avoid eating raw vegetables and wash fruit with running water before eating.
3. diarrhea
Diarrhea is characterized by three or more bowel movements a day, accompanied by a feeling of heartburn. Depending on the disease, diarrhea can be accompanied by blood or mucus.
Diarrhea is often considered a trivial problem. In fact, this disease can cause death, especially in young children. Diarrhea can be transmitted through water, soil, or food contaminated with viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Like ARI, diarrhea can also be prevented by washing hands properly, washing ingredients before cooking, and ensuring that food consumed is thoroughly cooked.
Children may be given rotavirus vaccination to prevent rotavirus infection.
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4. TB
Tuberculosis or TB is caused by bacteria that attack the lungs. However, these bacteria can also attack other parts of the body, such as bones, joints, meninges (tuberculous meningitis), lymph nodes (glandular TB), and heart membranes. The bacteria that cause this infection are known to be transmitted through the air when the sufferer coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis infection can be prevented by vaccination with the BCG vaccine.
5. Dengue fever
Dengue fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus infection. This virus is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Aedes aegypti or Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue fever is a seasonal disease that is common in tropical countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, this infection often occurs during the rainy season.
If left untreated, dengue fever can develop into a more serious condition, namely dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).
6. Insects
Parasites are caused by hookworms, tapeworms, and pinworms that infect the intestines. The most common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, fatigue, and significant weight loss.
Nematodes can be transmitted through direct and indirect contact. For example, if you indirectly touch an object containing insect eggs and touch the eye, nose, or mouth area.
To prevent the spread of this infection, avoid eating raw or undercooked meat, and remember to wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before processing or eating. Washing hands before and after eating is also important to prevent damage from insects.
7. Skin diseases
Scabies, leprosy, and ringworm are common contagious skin diseases. Transmission of these diseases usually occurs due to poor personal and environmental hygiene.
The symptoms caused by each disease vary. Symptoms of scabies include itching, rashes, scratching, and dry or thickened skin areas, especially at night.
Meanwhile, the symptoms of ringworm are almost the same as scabies, except that a circular rash appears on the skin area and hair loss occurs.